About

twiv

This Week in Virology (TWiV) is a podcast – or netcast, as some prefer to call them, since you don’t need an iPod to listen – about viruses. It was begun in September 2008 by Vincent Racaniello and Dick Despommier, two science Professors at Columbia University Medical Center. Their goal was to have an informal yet informative conversation about viruses which would be accessible to everyone, no matter what their science background. We wanted to eventually bring other virologists into the conversation, to make it more varied and interesting. Alan Dove, a science writer, joined us late in the year and we’ve had a few guests. Our goal for 2009 is to bring even more guests to TWiV.

Why are we doing this? Dick and I have spent our entire academic careers directing research laboratories, so we have a lot of knowledge to share. Plus, we both enjoy teaching. Put those two things together, and you have TWiV. If you want to learn about viruses in a relaxing way, then TWiV is for you.

Here is a bit more information about the hosts of TWiV. If you have any questions – we love them – send them to twiv@twiv.tv.

Vincent Racaniello, Ph.D. (@profvrr; at left in the photo) is Professor of Microbiology at Columbia University Medical Center. He has been studying viruses for over 30 years, starting in 1975, when he entered the Ph.D. program in Biomedical Sciences at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York. His thesis research, in the laboratory of Dr. Peter Palese, was focussed on influenza viruses. In 1979 he joined the laboratory of Dr. David Baltimore at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for postdoctoral work on poliovirus. In 1982 Vincent joined the faculty  in the Department of Microbiology at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons in New York City. There he established a laboratory to study viruses, and to train other scientists to become virologists. Over the years his laboratory has studied a variety of viruses including poliovirus, echovirus, enterovirus 70, rhinovirus, and hepatitis C virus. As principal investigator of his laboratory, he oversees the research  that is carried out by Ph.D. students and postdoctoral fellows. He also teaches virology to graduate students, as well as medical, dental, and nursing students.

If you would like to learn about his work on viruses in more detail, please visit his website at Columbia University. To learn something new about viruses every day, check out Vincent’s virology blog. His Wikipedia page provides a different view of his work. You might also like to follow Vincent on Twitter or FriendFeed, where he often provide links to interesting stories about viruses.

Dickson D. Despommier, Ph.D. (at right in the photo) is Professor Emeritus of Public Health in Environmental Health Sciences and Microbiology at Columbia University Medical Center. He is a microbiologist/ecologist by training, and for 27 years conducted laboratory-based research on molecular aspects of intracellular parasitism. Dick also teaches Parasitic Diseases, Medical Ecology, and Ecology 101. These courses deal with parasitism and its effects on large segments of the poor that live in the tropics. Controlling soil-based transmission cycles of helminthes that cause significant health problems throughout the world is of prime importance to Dick. Since it is generally agreed agriculture is solely responsible for so much environmental disturbance and serves as the interface for the transmission of geohelminths, one area of his focus has been on how to raise food without further encroachment into natural ecosystems. He established The Vertical Farm as a theoretical construct to look at the possibility of agricultural sustainability within cities.  Sustainable urban life is now a major interest of Dick’s. Inventing new approaches to the raising of food within the confines of a large urban center is bound to be fraught with hidden pitfalls and caveats when starting out, particularly those of a technical and economic nature. However, he firmly believes that with enough input from multiple disciplines (e.g., industrial and soil microbiology, engineering, public health, policy making, urban planning, architecture, agronomy, plant genetics, economics), vertical farming could become a reality and thus replace most of what now passes for agriculture in many parts of the developed and under-developed world. If this were to come about, large tracts of land could then be returned to nature to do what it was supposed to do for us before we eliminated the hardwood forests of the eastern states. Restoring ecosystem services and functions is what Dick envisions as the charge to the next generation of public health professionals.

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  • rufusknapp
    Gentlemen:

    I'm looking forward to the "This month in parasitology" podcast. I have not found the link on your site. Perhaps you haven't started on this yet? I'm keen to listen.

    Best regards,

    Rufus Knapp
  • You can find "This Week in Parasitism" at microbeworld.org/twip.
  • Jason
    PencilThings.com is selling a pencil which says:

    It's Pointless to Panic About the Flu,
    Wash Your Hands Frequently and Thoroughly. Stay at Home If You Are Sick.
    Avoid Touching Your Eyes, Nose and Mouth. Get a Flu Shot.
    Cover Your Nose and Mouth When Coughing and Sneezing.
    Avoid Close Contact (6 feet) With Sick Persons

    It could be a fun little gift

    Here's the link for the pencil:

    http://www.pencilthings.com/product.php?product...
  • Matt Breed
    Hello Dr Racaniello,

    i was listening to your podcast last week on the new "poxvirus" found in the squirrels of Europe (both red and grey) and the comment was made that rabbits are rodents, you were talking about the rapid breeding rates of rabbits and to the myxomatosis virus outbreak in Australia. I thought i should correct the group that rabbits are not rodents, but are in fact from the Order lagomorpha Family Leporidae. However, squirrels are rodents, Order Rodentia Family Sciuridae. Just keeping you honest, love the podcast

    Matt
  • Thanks for picking that up, Matt. Alan writes: "My bad. The rabbits
    were once considered rodents, but they were reclassified into a
    separate order several decades ago. We can make amends on the next
    episode."
  • tomhep
    Thanks for the great podcast.
    My wife and I have 12 grand children. Most of my family was home for Thanksgiving and one evening we got into a discussion about chickenpox vaccinations. A couple of the parents stated that they had heard that the chickenpox vaccination may do MORE harm than good. Their opinion was that it was best to actually get the virus as a young child.

    Everyone agreed that any ADULT who had never had chicken pox or been vaccinated, should be vaccinated. Could you shed some light on this subject?
  • Geoffrey Tolle
    I'm still working my way through your fantastic podcasts. Kudos on making virology simple and entertaining enough to capture the interest of the non-virologist.

    In show 29, you mentioned two theories of viral evolution: most primitive form of life or devolved form of life. I have to disagree with both theories. A third (and to my mind, more likely) theory, is that viruses evolved from horizontal gene transfer pathways. As HGT evolved, defense must have developed as well as counter-transfers. I propose that some of these counter-transfer strategies evolved into weaponized inter-bacterium "modules" which, in turn, were better weaponized by adding self-replication genes to the mix (not unlike the evolution of computer viruses). Thus viruses evolved as sub-units of (archae)bacteria and took on a "life" of there own.

    That brings up the topic of the definition of life. I would propose that life could probably be defined as a self-replicating "process" that generates a repetative, localized decrease in entropy. This definition should, I believe, eliminate candles, stars, and most enzymes as forms of life but would allow viruses to be considered borderline life forms.
  • blakerust
    Great program!

    I love the show and currently do some undergrad research in virology and it has captured my interest. I am applying to graduate school and have attended some fairs, but I am still struggling to find a program that is right for me.
    I wanted your opinion on schools that had good virology or microbiology/immunology PhD programs.
    I know this is a broad question but I figured someone with your experience could point me in the right direction.

    Thanks!

    Blake
  • Matt McBride
    Greetings.
    I just wanted to send all of you some well deserved kudos for your superb presentation of Twiv: the engaging and informative weekly podcast on the world of viruses. (The kind that make you sick of course)
    Your banter is fun but not over the top and while you don't pull any intellectual punches with your use of nomenclature, you're explanations are thorough enough so that laymen like me are able to come along for the ride.
    Two viruses I'd like to hear more about are Viral hemorrhagic fever (that sounds like a really nasty one) and Rift valley fever.
    Thanks again and keep up the great work!
    Matt
  • I love the podcast, I am a doctor of pharmacy and I find the information to be very interesting and informative. I would love to hear something about the JC virus, recently I saw a case where this virus was suspected. Thank you
    Chris
    Boston
  • Gus
    Hello Professor Racaniello,

    First I want to say that I love your podcast! I’m fascinated by the topic and may have majored in virology if I was exposed to this material earlier in life. I am a Chemistry major and have worked in the Semiconductor manufacturing field for more than 20 years building integrated circuits and now work for a small company in Monroe, Washington making state-of-the-art compact high-powered solid state laser systems.

    I’m glad you’ve decided to devout part of the show to basic virology (so called Virology 101.) Although I understand most of the material on the show, some of the common virology terms used by you and Dick are foreign to me. In future virology primers it would be helpful to define and explain some of the more common virology terms commonly in the field of virology, which may not be so common to us lay people.

    For instance, I’ve heard the term negative-strand RNA mentioned a few times on the podcast. It would be nice to explain exactly would a negative-strand RNA virus is and how it works. I googled the term but the definition I found online is fuzzy. The negative strand virus was explained as the antisense-strand of RNA which does not encode for mRNA (mRNA encodes proteins.) What does the antisense-strand of RNA encode for and how does it work?

    Here is one more last item. I will post a link to a suppressed 60-minute episode back from 1977-1978 which covered a Swine Flu vaccination campaign that seemed to go wrong. I’d really like to hear your perspective on this 60-minute episode.

    http://tinyurl.com/mtv4gb


    Thanks much,

    Gus

    PS: Does Dick have a Twitter account? I follow both you and Alan on Twitter but haven’t been able to find Dick’s account (if he has one.)
  • Vince & Dick,

    On a recent trip to North Carolina a friend at Med School gave me podcast 1 about West Nile. Fantastic episode. I have since downloaded the whole back catalogue and can't wait to listen to them when i go back to Tanzania to continue my PhD in the control of malaria mosquitoes. I will be sure to pass the episodes on to my friends & colleagues who, I'm sure, will love the show.

    It would be great if you could do a show on Rift Valley Fever. There was an outbreak last year in Dodoma, Tanzania that resulted in a lot of people stopping eating beef. Especially interesting with the vector side of things. Would be very interested to hear your & Dick's take on this.

    Keep up the great work chaps!

    Oh, & try and keep the humour in the show. The more lame virus jokes/anecdotes the better.
  • Amy
    Since my undergraduate degree (4.5 years ago), I have worked as a virology lab technician (on Buggy Creek Virus). I love the podcast and am considering graduate school in virology, and your podcast has given me much information and many ideas! You have talked about bringing in younger guests, and I like this idea, but would prefer a graduate student who is familiar with virology, but not as versed as you. Mainly, I am writing to suggest bringing more women on the show! I am slowly listening to old episodes, while keeping up with new ones, and notice a lack of female voices. I think it would be great if you could bring in young, female virologist that may encourage the current and up-and-coming female scientist. Thank you for your time and all the great topics on viruses!
  • kabookie
    Great show! I would like to hear you interview Perry Bates who intevented the only stand alone machine that kills airborne pathagons, not just mold, and would fit in well with most of your topics. He would love to do and interview, and I can get you in touch. You can check out more info at www.mold-sentry.com. Here is an interview he did with Denny Schaffer on his morning radio show: www.drop.io/moldsentry. Keep up the great work.
  • Ted Solomon M.D.
    Could you include a segment of basic virology with each episode? I much enjoy the show. Thanks for your efforts.
  • Danica
    Hello,

    My hustand told me about your show a while ago and since then I've been listening to it every week. Neither my husbad nor I are scientists but we love it. I have a question which may sound very basic but I have been wondering about it for a while. Can one become negatively effected by being vaccinated against to many things? I refer to the situation nowadays when there are vaccinations not just against the core deadly viruses (polio etc) but against stomach bug viruses, flu etc. Many thanks. Danica
  • Kevin
    Greetings TWiV, I really enjoy listening to your podcast and find it quite enlightening, I am really interested in learning more about microorganisms, particularly viruses in general and have learned a lot from this podcast. I was wondering if you could consider making an episode focusing on Filoviruses. The reason why I am requesting this is because I just started reading a book that specifies in great detail about the Ebola and Marburg virus outbreaks in Africa and the adverse effects it has on human beings and monkeys. Also, I have two questions regarding the new strain of H1N1 Influenza virus you discussed in previous episodes and would appreciate your comments and feedback.

    1. Does the RNA strand of H5N1 Avian Influenza in this new strain contribute to it's pathogenicity, if so why?

    2 Also, does the RNA strand of Human Influenza virus in this subtype enable it to become more easily adaptable and transmissible between human beings?

    P.S. Perhaps you should create an episode about computer viruses, haha. Great podcast, keep it up and I'll make sure I'll recommend this to anyone interested in Virology.
  • Sophie Agger
    Hey,
    I really like this show, I started on my Bsc. in Biotechnology and you guys are really giving me something to look forward to, when our courses are dull. I also heard about you through Futures in Biotech.

    I have a quick question: I live in Denmark, so there's quite a lot of influenza and other throat viruses going around here, even though we have seasonality it's not uncommon to get flu (or something else) in the summer period. Despite this it's not normal to get vaccinated (only some elderly people) and I have never heard of anybody using tamiflu (although I'm sure it's used in immune incompetent patients).
    But it sounds like it's quite normal to use in the US, can you explain this difference?
  • Matthew
    Dear Dr Racaniello and Dr Despommier ,

    Excellent program , I am interested and more than not fascinated by viruses so your show is right up my ally. Thank you for your recent episode with Dr. Peter Palese , I have had my suspicions as to the magnitude and virulence of the Mexican Influenza and his explanation of variations in hemagglutiin and neuraminidase between different H1N1 strains was very helpful. As soon as the outbreaks occurred I checked your podcasts for new episodes , because I trust your coverage over the national inquirer type news media we have today. Please have more episodes covering the biology of different viruses , it is disappointing that we seem to focus on the diseases they cause, when an explanation concerning the virus itself sheds more light on the effects that it causes ie mexican influenza. Thanks again for your work and commitment to education and broadcast excellence

    Sincerely from the South Carolina

    Matthew
  • Al
    Vince:

    I used to be impressed with all your peer reviewed journal publications, but USA Today.

    Wow, you can't get any more impressive than that.
  • Thank you. The writer of the USA Today articles, Dan Vergano, seems to
    get it. He asked me the right questions and didn't over-hype the
    story.
  • Nurse Practitioner Deb Viher
    Two comments.
    I learn from your podcast.commuting to work on an interstate freeway in Michigan. Yes a few of us in Michigan are still employed. I can always plainly and clearly hear Vince and Alan. Dick is hard to hear. Is there something wrong with his mike? I could barely understand Saul. Please ask your sound team to help Dick and wonderful guests like Saul to be heard!

    To answer a question posed in one of your podcats: When a newborn becomes infected during birth by a virus infected mother the route of transmission is called "vertical peri-natal transmission". This occurs in infants born to women infected with hepatitis B virus with high viral load. Asian babies and toddlers acquire hepatitis B virus infected from their siblings and parents via "horizontal transission".
  • Hi Dr. Racaniello & Dr. Despommier:

    Congratualtions for your great show. Although I have my MEng degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, I have found deeply interesting your show. Although I have always liked biology, toxicology and of course virology, the concepts I have learned much much more about your field.

    Two questions I would like to pass to you.

    1) Can you cover in a future show the Human papillomavirus (HPV) and how it evolves into Cancer ?
    2) Do you know where I can research a little bit about computer simulations, about the behavior of human viruses.

    Thank you so much.

    Leonardo Hernandez, BSEE, MEng, PEng.
    Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Ted Solomon M.D.
    Can you display representation of your topics on a 'blackboard'?
  • Can you point me to an example of topics on a blackboard?
  • Ted Solomon M.D.
    diagrams..for the older docs,such as myself
  • Ennio
    Hello Gentlemen,

    I work in IT but came across your podcast listening to the recent Futures In Biotech episode. I must say that I'm a HUGE fan now and am trying to catchup on episodes.

    A few years go there was a lot of concern here in Toronto with West Nile virus. From a common person's person's perspective your podcast gave me the information I really needed to understand what was happening - far and away better than traditional media could provide.

    You're going a great service. Please keep it up! :) And I'll definitely recommend this to my friends and family. Thanks guys. :)
    Ennio
  • Hi Ennio,

    Thanks for your support. We were hoping that my appearance on FIB
    would attract some of Marc Pelletier's listeners, and you are the
    first we have heard from.

    We have all intentions of continuing TWiV, bringing on new guests and
    explaining virology to everyone.

    Vincent
  • sciguy
    You just got another one of Marc's listerners! Awesome podcast. Now I see I've got a lot of work to do - 60 some odd episodes, huh? Wonderful!
  • Welcome, sciguy! Marc will be on TWiV in January 2010. He's terrific;
    I like his podcast. Don't hesitate to join the discussion!
  • Ennio
    Hi Professor,

    finally caught up and TWIV will be a permanent resident on my IPod.

    Thanks also for reading my message online.

    Previously I mentioned 'viruses for dummies' and I think your entries on your blog are exactly what I was looking for. I think I can fill in missing blanks in my knowledge with a few books, articles, etc...

    If I may mention a couple of podcasts and a blog for your consideration (none of which I'm involved with - I'm just a fan):
    CBC Quirks and Quarks: http://www.cbc.ca/quirks/
    Slacker Astronomy: http://www.slackerastronomy.org/wordpress/podcast/ (blog and podcast).

    Thank you again for a great show! :)
    Ennio
  • Ennio
    Thanks again for the show Doctor. I hope you don't mind, but I took the liberty of posting a review in the iTunes store (5 stars and it should be visible in the next few days I would think).

    As for possible topics, is there any chance for segments of "Viruses for Dummies"? For example, I just listened to episode 8, with the of the person who had bone marrow transplanted and appears AIDS-free - but I don't understand how that would work...

    Take care.
    Ennio
  • Gary Raleigh, ARNP
    I can not get enough of your podcasts, I am constantly on I-tunes looking for new ones.
  • mark
    Hi guys,

    Just a quick one to say I love the show.

    I'm a part time postgraduate student in biomedical science and have to say i found it really easy to absorb and entertaining.

    I would really like if you could do a little section about Mumps as we are getting public health warnings here (Republic of Ireland) telling everyone to make sure they are vaccinated.

    I got struck down with the virus when I was a student (despite being vaccinated) and have a special interest because of that. It's a nasty dose let me tell you! (far worse that the swelling in the neck was the 14 days waiting to be affected by the swelling in more sensitive masculine areas, there is a certain level of anxiety there :) )

    in case you are interested i have attached a link to the public announcements we are getting.

    http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2009/01/07...

    (as an observation the figures they give are very short term since and it was a long time ago that I was vaccinated I'm not sure how meaningful they are. the majority of those affected are in their late teens so at a guess I would say that either there was a defective batch of vaccine, a new vaccine is administered now or there is a different strain of the virus. maybe I'm way off ill leave it to the experts :) )


    Regards,
    Mark
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